![]() In the dome’s construction, the Romans probably used temporary wooden centering on which they layered concentric rings of masonry and concrete. They embedded empty clay jugs into the dome’s upper courses to further lighten the structure and facilitate the concrete’s curing. The Romans used the heaviest aggregate, mostly basalt, at the bottom and lighter materials, such as pumice, at the top. From there, the columns were barged up the Tiber.Įventually, work began on the concrete dome, constructed in tapering courses or steps that are thickest at the base (21 ft / 6.4 m) and thinnest at the oculus (7.5 ft / 2.3 m). Hadrian had these columns quarried at Mons Claudianus in Egypt’s eastern mountains, dragged on wooden sledges to the Nile, floated by barge to Alexandria, and put on vessels for a trip across the Mediterranean to the Roman port of Ostia. Each was 39 feet (11.9 m) tall, 5 feet (1.5 m) in diameter, and 66 tons (60 t) in weight. ![]() Just about everything had to come down the Tiber by boat, including the 16 gray granite columns Hadrian ordered for the Pantheon’s pronaos. Transportation presented another problem. The tamping packed the mortar, reduced the need for excess water, but, at the same time, stimulated bonding. They then tamped the mortar into the rock layer. They carried this mixture to the job site in baskets and poured it over a prepared layer of rock pieces. The ancients hand-mixed wet lime and volcanic ash in a mortar box, adding very little water so that they got a nearly dry composition. Vitruvius (circa 20 B.C.), a noted Roman architect, recorded the process followed in his day, that was probably still used by the Pantheon’s builders. Hadrian visualized himself enthroned directly under the Pantheon’s oculus - a near-deity around whom not only the Roman empire but the universe, the sun, and the heavens obediently revolved. The hours would make their round on that caissoned ceiling so carefully polished by Greek artisans the disk of daylight would rest suspended there like a shield of gold rain would form its clear pool on the pavement below, prayers would rise like smoke toward that void where we place the gods.” This temple, both open and mysteriously enclosed, was conceived as a solar quadrant. Hadrian said, “My intentions had been that this sanctuary of All Gods should reproduce the likeness of the terrestrial globe and of the stellar sphere…The cupola…revealed the sky through a great hole at the center, showing alternately dark and blue. At its top, the dome would have an oculus or eye, a circular opening, with a diameter of 30 feet (9.1 m), as its only light source. The rotunda’s internal geometry would create a perfect sphere since the height of the rotunda to the top of its dome would match its diameter: 142 feet (43 m). His plans called for a structure with three main parts: a pronaos or entrance portico, a circular domed rotunda or vault, and a connection between the two. It burned in the great fire of 80 A.D., was rebuilt by Emperor Domitian, but was struck by lightning and burned again in 110 A.D.īy 120 A.D., Hadrian began designing a Pantheon reminiscent of Greek temples and far more elaborate than anything Rome had yet seen. Most historians, however, claim that Emperor Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa built the first Pantheon in 27 B.C., a rectilinear, T-shaped structure, 144 feet by 66 feet (44 m × 20 m), with masonry walls and a pitched timber roof. They dedicated it to Romulus and some of his divine ancestors and, for centuries, held rites and processions there. The ancients constructed this first Pantheon after Romulus (753–716 B.C.), their mythological founder, ascended to heaven from that site. One legend says that the first Roman citizens built the original Pantheon on the very site where the current one still stands in the Campo Marzo - modern Rome’s business district. In truth, no one knows the Pantheon’s exact age. What’s even more surprising is that the Pantheon, in the splendor Michelangelo admired, still stands today - another 500 years after he saw it. But when Michelangelo first saw the Pantheon in the early 1500s, he proclaimed it of “angelic and not human design.” Surprisingly, at that point, this classic Roman temple, converted into a Christian church, was already more than 1350 years old. Michelangelo (1475–1564) looked at everything with an artist’s critical eye, and he was not easily impressed.
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I noted branch dieback on a tree at the University of Maine, Orono (zone 4). Hardness is listed at zone 5 to 8, which is reasonably accurate. distichum, develops chlorosis on high ph soils. I have not observed chlorosis on the species whereas, T. Trees are wind-firm and resistant to breakage. Growth is fast, easily 2 to 3’ per year, for the first 10 years, if provided reasonable care. The species is surprisingly well suited to drier soils once established. Netherlands, I observed an entire street planted with Metasequoia. Extremely tolerant of excess moisture and I observed trees in standing water. Excellent tree along streams and in moist soil areas. Single specimens, grouping and groves inspire. Tree bark glows rich saturated orange-red in the late afternoon winter sun. Though deciduous, the unique branching and bark characteristics provide exquisite winter beauty. The bark is beautiful, rich reddish brown, slightly shedding in thin strips, the trunk with cavities under each branch attachment. The opposite arrangement permits easy separation from Taxodium distichum, common baldcypress, with alternate branches and buds. The needle-bearing branches, oppositely arranged, abscise in toto in fall. Habit is soft, feathery, conical pyramidal, the needles bright green, turning rusty orange to brown in autumn. Considering the narrow gene base (diversity), many unique cultivars have resulted from the original introduction (see cultivars) This is a large tree, easily 70’ by 30’ at maturity. Louis, houses many of the original seedlings and introduced Shaw’s Legacy™ (‘Peter Raven’, notable because of the denser conical pyramidal habit and darker green needles. ![]() Seeds and seedlings were distributed to many public gardens and universities with trees now over 100’. ![]() ![]() The species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, was considered extinct until rediscovered in the 1940s in China and reintroduced via the efforts of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Dirr’s Tree Spotlight September 18th, 2017 The pump is the part of the compressor that actually pressurizes the air before storing it in the tank. electric, where we go into more detail about the pros and cons of each. If you’re interested in learning more about the differences between gas and electric air compressors, take a look at our section on gas vs. They’re a lot smaller, lighter, and quieter, making them ideal for light use in the home. Gas-powered air compressors are more powerful than their electric counterparts, but they’re also a lot larger, heavier, and noisier.Īs we’re focusing on small air compressors in this guide, we’ll only be looking at electric-powered air compressors. Power SourceĪir compressors are either gas-powered or electric-powered. Likewise, if the environment you’re working in is dusty, a fully enclosed compressor like this one from Porter-Cable would be a wise choice. ![]() If you plan on using the air compressor in a harsh environment, such as on a worksite, you’ll want one that has built-in protection for the unit.Ī good example is this Bostitch air compressor, as it has a solid steel frame protecting the unit from damage. In addition to that, some have better stability than others as they’re much wider and use rubber feet to dampen vibrations. Some designs are more compact and lightweight, making the compressor easier to store and transport. There are several different types of air compressors, each with a different design. The design and build quality of an air compressor will determine where it’s best suited for use. A larger tank means you can work longer before the compressor has to kick in and refill the tank. In short, the best metrics to use when comparing compressors is CFM and tank size.Ī higher CFM is needed for certain types of tools to ensure sufficient air delivery for the task at hand. We discuss HP, PSI, CFM, and more in greater detail in our full air compressor guide. Tank Size (Gallons): the total capacity of compressed air the tank can hold.Air Delivery (CFM): the volume of compressed air that’s delivered in one minute.Pressure (PSI): the maximum amount of pressure the compressor can generate.Horsepower (HP): an indication of how powerful the motor is.There are four key things to look out for when determining an air compressor’s performance. However, for heavier jobs, such as using a sandblaster or a large impact wrench, you’ll need something a little beefier. For small tasks, such as blowing out dust or inflating tires, you won’t need anything too high performance. What you use the compressor for will determine the kind of performance you need. If you don’t have any size requirements and are looking for as much power as possible, you should also see our guide on the best air compressors to buy in 2021. Below are the most important things to look out for. There are several key factors to consider when choosing the right air compressor for your needs. Key Factors to Consider in a Small Air Compressor Everything You Need to Know About Small Air Compressors.Best Vibration Dampening: Rolair JC10 Plus 1 HP Air Compressor Most Powerful Oil-Free Compressor: Bostitch Air Compressor for Trim Honorable Mention: California Air Tools Ultra Quiet Air Compressor Most Portable: Porter-Cable Air Compressor Kit Best Cordless: Dewalt Flexvolt Cordless Air Compressor Kit Quietest: California Air Tools Light & Quiet Air Compressor Best Budget Pick: Bostitch Oil-Free Pancake Air Compressor ![]() Best Premium Pick: Makita MAC2400 Big Bore 2.5 HP Air Compressor ![]() Best Overall Pick: Craftsman Pancake Air Compressor + Accessory Kit Key Factors to Consider in a Small Air Compressor. ![]() Install sizes for all the services you need to run. We know that very few people live in a budget free world. Single service/server without affecting other aspects of your network. In a budget free world, this would be ideal as it allows you to restart a ![]() Ideally, your servers will run only one task or one major task each. System will be needing to run - as well as possible future upgrades to these Then you have to take into account the various programs and services the Some occasional management, growth will be very, very slow. You canĮxpect this folder to grow over time, but with a proper configuration and That, the dllcache folder uses about 600 MB or more and you can expect patchĪnd service pack backup folders to use another 200-500 MB or more. The Windows Server 2003 base install takes up about 2-4 GB on average. Instead, let's consider what an appropriate size is. I'm not going to go in depth here about planning partition sizes right nowīecause your reading this because your partition sizes are already establishedĪnd in production. ![]() delete them in a month or two - or at least archive them to an external hard drive or DVD. It's very easy to restore moved files - it can be a huge pain in the you-know-where to restore deleted files. Still, there are instances where you may legitimately need to increase theįinal word of advice - NEVER DELETE - MOVE INSTEAD. Further, this question is often enoughĪsked with regards to OEM installs and preconfigured RAIDs. Why not just make one big 80 GB C: drive. Hard disk space is CHEAP by comparison nowadays. Systems administrators or lazy consultants. In many cases, this is a problem caused by inexperienced One question I see asked frequently is how to extend the boot drive because Your boot drive is, the recommendations here will still be applicable. It is possible that your boot drive is not theĬ: drive, but for most of us, it will be C. To 2000 Pro or XP, especially when some of these applications are installed,īefore I get started, I want to make sure you understand that Boot and C:Īre used synonymously here. While there are some things here that can apply This article is intended for use with Windows 2000 Server and Windows ServerĢ003-based operating systems. Move/Empty the Software Distribution Directory.Suggestions, or additions about this page, my site, or me, please contact me. If you discover any links that no longer work or have questions, comments, However, if you want the brief version, see the I strongly recommend you read through the long version for details on howĪnd why to move things, etc. Lens correction processes allow you to easily compensate for optical anomalies within imagery.These profiles are ideal for rare, unique, vintage, or other less-common lenses. A unique Lens Correction Development Kit can be used to create and share your own custom lens correction profiles.Within this library, you can browse various presets, preview them, and download both free and paid-for presets. An Image Preset Library facilitates faster access to oft-used presents to help automate certain repetitive parts of the editing process.An updated Blemish Remover function permits working with various sized tools to quickly remove unwanted blemishes, spots, dust, or other marks on an image.Enhanced Highlight Recovery utilizes a dedicated algorithm to garner greater detail out of overexposed highlights in raw files.Watermarks can be applied to individual images or batches, and the size, orientation, position, and opacity can easily be adjusted. Applying a custom watermark can help deter copying and theft, and a logo or contact info can also be used for promotional purposes. Dedicated Watermarking features are available that help you to better protect your imagery when posting online.Powerful and Efficient Image Adjustments Compatible with a wide variety of camera types and raw file formats, this software is designed to support 64-bit processing in Linux, Mac, and Windows operating speeds for enhanced file handling stability and fast editing performance to suit batch workflows and high-resolution files. A built-in search engine helps locate specific files using user-developed criteria as well as camera-written metadata. An Image Preset Library is also accessible for acquiring a range of customized presets to help expedite your editing process.īeyond image adjustments, AfterShot Pro 3 is also characterized by its file handling and organizational tools, such as the ability to manage large photo libraries by labeling, tagging, and rating files. For personalized control, a unique Lens Correction Development Kit has been added to this version, which allows you to create your own custom lens profiles to correct aberrations, vignetting, and distortion when working with rare or obscure lenses. ![]() Based on a non-destructive editing platform, advanced color, contrast, and other adjustments can be applied to imagery, along with Intelligent Noise Removal, HDR file merging, and enhanced Highlight Recovery. Product description Women of Influence: Katrin Eismann Read More AfterShot Pro 3 from Corel is an intuitive and efficient raw file editing program that affords a wealth of control over image adjustments and file management. Download an official Corel user manual in which you will find instructions on how to install, use, maintain and service your product.Īnd do not forget – unsuitable use of a Corel product will considerably shorten its lifespan! Health and property during use, as well as recognition of liability on the part of the manufacturerįor possible defects should you make a warranty claim. ![]() User manual is an integral part of any Corel product,Īnd if it is sold or transferred, they should be handed over jointly with the product.įollowing the instructions for use is an essential prerequisite for protecting That need to be followed during installation and operation.īefore starting your appliance, the user manual should be read through carefully.įollow all the safety instructions and warnings, and be guided by the given recommendations. User manual for the Corel AfterShot Pro 3 contain basic instructions Authorized service for Corel Photo Software.Troubleshooting (does not switch on, does not respond, error message, what do I do if.). ![]() Technical information and basic settings.User Manual for Corel AfterShot Pro 3 Click to enlarge the pictureĬontents of the user manual for the Corel AfterShot Pro 3 ![]() ![]() Tactical RPG similar to Wasteland 3: Phoenix Point Taking a couple of healing powders and some money, the chosen one sets out on a dangerous adventure. In 2241, 80 years after the action of Fallout, the secluded village of Arroyo, founded by the Outcast of Sanctuary, began to collapse. The iconic computer role-playing game about a world that survived a nuclear war was developed by Black Isle Studios and published by Interplay Productions in 1998. Fallout 2ĭoes this game need an introduction? The RPG of all RPGs is a game inspired by the first part of Wasteland. Although the game was released in 1999, it’s still great. In addition to great tactical battles in this game, you’ll get to hire mercenaries, train militia in the cities, improve weapons. Jagged Alliance is a great tactical game, just like in Wasteland 3. Clever opponents and real war tactics of combat actions. Manage a team of mercenaries for the liberation of a small country. In my opinion, the best old-school turn-based tactical RPG. Dax, Bormin, Selma, and the other characters you’ll meet have a unique personalities and a wacky way of looking at the world and their lives. When you return from the Zone, don’t forget to stop by the Ark, the only safe place, a sort of nightclub where you can replenish your provisions and think about your mission.Ī duck with an inflated ego and a boar who can’t contain his anger doesn’t look like the good heroes. There are no more people in these cities, the roads are falling apart, and the countryside is all overgrown with grass. ![]() Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden is just what you need to satisfy your passion for turn-based strategy games.Enjoy challenging turn-based battles in the spirit of the Wasteland and XCOM series. Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden - Steam Page You are one of the survivors of this conflict, working for ATOM’s secret organization, whose mission is to protect humanity after the cataclysm. Millions of people died, society’s foundations fell, and scientific and technological progress was thrown back into the Middle Ages. Twenty-two years ago, the Soviet Union and the Western countries destroyed each other in the nuclear war. Your task is to explore the violent and mysterious world of the Soviet Wasteland. You are one of the survivors of the apocalypse. In 1986, the world was nearly destroyed by the USSR and Western countries. There are two games in the Atom RPG series:ĪTOM RPG: Post-apocalyptic indie game - Steam Page |
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